The withdrawal process begins when someone with physical dependence on alcohol or other drugs stops drinking or reduces their intake. The body enters neurological hyperexcitability as the brain adjusts to the absence of alcohol. Alcohol withdrawal symptoms can vary in severity from mild to life threatening, based on how long the person has been consuming the same amount on a daily basis, their physical health, and substance use patterns.
Mild withdrawal symptoms typically appear 6 to 12 hours after the last drink. Anxiety, hand tremors, insomnia, nausea, sleep problems, and elevated blood pressure are common in the first day. Some people confuse early withdrawal with a hangover, but withdrawal worsens over time. Between 24 and 72 hours, symptoms intensify to include raised blood pressure, sweating, agitation, and confusion. Medical supervision during this period detects dangerous changes before they become life threatening.
Severe alcohol withdrawal includes the potential onset of delirium tremens, which occurs in approximately five percent of people going through alcohol detoxification according to NIAAA data. Symptoms include confusion, rapid heartbeat, fever, hallucinations, and grand mal convulsions. Without medical intervention, delirium tremens is one of the most dangerous withdrawal syndromes in addiction treatment. Complicating conditions such as heart disease or substance use disorders involving other drugs can increase severity.
Every person is treated as an individual. Timelines and approaches vary.